At White Fields Church, I have been teaching through the Gospel of Matthew [listen to the series here] for almost two years, and this past Sunday we reached the final chapter.
After my sermon on Matthew 28:1-15, someone asked a great question:
“How does Mary Magdalene weeping at the tomb in John 20:11-18 fit with Matthew’s account of the women meeting Jesus on the way in Matthew 28:8-10?”
After looking into it, there’s a simple and satisfying explanation. But also, this question touches on a larger issue, of how the different Gospel accounts fit together. The different Gospel writers give different perspectives which ultimately complement, rather than contradict each other.
The Women Who Went to the Tomb
- Mary Magdalene (Matthew 28:1, Mark 16:1, Luke 24:10, John 20:1)
- The other Mary (Matthew 28:1; Mark 15:40; Luke 24:10) — most likely Mary the mother of James and Joseph (also called Joses; cf. Matthew 27:56)
- This seems to be the same person Mark calls “Mary the mother of James” (Mark 16:1)
- Some people believe this is Mary the Mother of Jesus, while others believe it’s a separate person.
- Salome (mother of James and John, the sons of Zebedee) (Mark 16:1)
- Joanna (wife of Chuza, a steward in Herod’s household) (Luke 24:10, cf. Luke 8:3)
- Other unnamed women who had followed Jesus from Galilee (Luke 23:55; 24:10)
All four Gospel accounts mention Mary Magdalene. John’s Gospel only mentions Mary Magdalene, not to the exclusion of the other women, but only to focus on her previously undocumented encounter with Jesus at the tomb. The fact that Mary Magdalene was not alone is alluded to by John 20:2, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him.” The plural “we” indicates she wasn’t alone.
The Women Arrive at the Tomb, but Mary Leaves Immediately
As this group of women arrived at the tomb with spices to anoint Jesus’ body, they saw that the stone had been rolled away. At this point, Mary Magdalene appears to separate from the group and run ahead. Having seen the open tomb, she assumes the worst: that someone has taken the Lord’s body (John 20:2). She runs to tell Peter and John, while the other women remain at the tomb.
The Women Encounter the Angel
Matthew 28:2–7; Mark 16:5–7; Luke 24:4–8: While Mary Magdalene is gone, the other women encounter angels at the tomb. Matthew focuses on one angel, who is sitting on the stone, while Mark and Luke mention two inside the tomb.
The angels proclaim the good news: Jesus has risen, just as He said. The women are told to go and tell the disciples that Jesus is alive and will meet them in Galilee. Shaken by what they had seen, and filled with joy, they rush off from the tomb to share the message with the disciples.
Peter and John Run to the Tomb
John 20:2-10; Luke 24:12: Meanwhile, Mary Magdalene reaches Peter and John with the news that, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we don’t know where they have laid Him.”
Peter and John sprint to the tomb. John arrives first, looks in, and sees the linen clothes. Peter then arrives; he goes in and notices the face-cloth folded up in a place by itself. This detail indicates that whatever happened in the tomb took place in an orderly manner, rather than a chaotic hurry.
Peter and John realize that something significant has happened, but they don’t yet understand that Jesus has risen. They then head back home (to the place where the disciples were staying in Jerusalem).
Mary Magdalene Weeping at the Tomb
John 20:11-18: Once Peter and John have left, Mary is alone at the tomb. She stands outside the tomb weeping. As she weeps, she stops to look inside the tomb. In the tomb, she sees two angels seated where Jesus’ body had lain. She speaks with the angels, but then turns around and sees Jesus standing there, but does not recognize that it is Him (possibly because of back-lighting, or possibly due to the difference in appearance of Jesus’ resurrection body).
Jesus asks Mary why she is weeping. Mary assumes that he is the gardener, but then Jesus speaks her name: “Mary.” Mary then recognizes that the person speaking to her is Jesus.
Mary embraces Jesus, but He tells her not to cling to Him, but to go and tell his “brothers” (disciples) that He is soon going to ascend to the Father.
It seems that Mary is the first eyewitness of the risen Jesus, and she tells the others that she has seen the Lord.
Jesus Appears to the Other Women
Matthew 28:8-10: As the other women are on the way from the tomb, sent by the angels to tell the disciples, Jesus meets them. The women fall at his feet and worship Him – grasping onto Him.
This likely happened shortly after Mary’s encounter. Jesus tells these women to go and tell the disciples to go to Galilee, promising that they will see Him there.
The Women Report to the Other Disciples
Luke 24:9-11; Mark 16:8-11: The women tell the disciples what they have seen, but their words seem like “an idle tale,” and the disciples are reluctant to believe it.
The Road to Emmaus
Luke 24:13-35: Later that day, two disciples are walking toward the village of Emmaus, talking about what happened to Jesus and trying to make sense of it. We don’t know who these disciples were, or if they belonged to “the eleven” or were part of the larger group of Jesus’ followers.
Jesus joins them as they walk and engages them in conversation. They explain their confusion: they had thought that Jesus was the Messiah, but when He was captured and killed, they began to doubt. They also mention the report of the women who had been to the tomb, and that they are struggling to know whether to believe it, because despite the women claiming to have seen the angels and Jesus, when the disciples (including Peter and John) went to check it out for themselves, they saw neither Jesus nor angels at the tomb.
Jesus then said to them, 25“O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! 26Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?” 27And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.
When the disciples arrive to their destination, Jesus acts as if He will go on further down the road, but they press Him to eat with them. 30When he was at table with them, he took the bread and blessed and broke it and gave it to them. 31And their eyes were opened, and they recognized him. And he vanished from their sight.
They then rush back to Jerusalem to tell the others.
Jesus Appears to the Disciples Behind Locked Doors in Jerusalem
Luke 24:36–43; John 20:19–23: On the evening of that same day, as the disciples were gathered together behind locked doors, Jesus appeared in the room with them.
Jesus showed them His hands and side. He ate with them. He then breathed on them, imparting the Holy Spirit to them (as promised in John 14:17), and conveyed His mission to them. Despite imparting the Spirit, He also tells them to wait in Jerusalem until they are clothed with power from on high – speaking of the empowerment they would receive on Pentecost (cf. Acts 1:8). Even though the disciples have been called to meet with Jesus in Galilee, they will return to Jerusalem for Jesus’ ascension (40 days after the resurrection) and to wait for this empowerment (received 50 days after the resurrection).
During this meeting, Jesus opened their minds to understand the Scriptures, and explained to them everything written about Him in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms (i.e. the entire Hebrew Bible, AKA “Old Testament”). By doing this, Jesus showed them the hermeneutical key to understanding the Bible; that it is a book about Him.
Thomas was not present on this occasion.
Jesus Appears to the Disciples with Thomas Present
John 20:26-29: Eight days later, apparently in the same location in Jerusalem, Jesus appears to the disciples again, this time with Thomas present.
Jesus calls Thomas to not disbelieve, but believe. Having seen Jesus’ wounds and heard His call to believe, Thomas exclaims a confession of faith in Jesus as “My Lord and my God!”
In Galilee
Matthew 28:16-20: Assumedly after the meeting in Jerusalem where Thomas was present, Jesus’ disciples meet Him on a mountain in Galilee, where the disciples worship Him, and Jesus commissions them to go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and Holy Spirit.
John 21:1-23: Jesus meets with the disciples on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, where they share breakfast and Jesus restores Peter to a leadership role after Peter’s denial of Jesus on the night of His arrest.
Other Appearances
In 1 Corinthians 15:5-7 Paul the Apostle lists some other appearances of Jesus, but we aren’t quite sure when or where they took place:
- A private meeting with Peter (1 Corinthians 15:5)
- A large group of over 500 people at one time (1 Corinthians 15:6)
- A meeting with James — likely the half-brother of Jesus, who later became the leader of the Jerusalem church and the author of the Epistle of James – (1 Corinthians 15:7)
- An appearance to “all the apostles” (apparently a broader group than just “the twelve” (cf. 1 Cor. 15:5)
Conclusion
By harmonizing the Gospel accounts, we get a three-dimensional picture of Jesus’ post-resurrection appearances.
For further study, check out the series of messages I taught a few years ago called “The Resurrected Life” – in which I preached about some of the post-resurrection passages: The Risen Life (2021)
Theology for the People 